Document Outline

• Warranty
• Assistance
• Table of Contents
• Section 1. Introduction
  • 1.1 HELLO
  • 1.2 Typography
• Section 2. Cautionary Statements
• Section 3. Initial Inspection
• Section 4. Quickstart Tutorial
  • 4.1 Primer – CR1000 Data-Acquisition
    • 4.1.1 Components of a Data-Acquisition System
      • 4.1.1.1 Sensors
      • 4.1.1.2 Datalogger
      • 4.1.1.3 Data Retrieval
    • 4.1.2 CR1000 Module and Power Supply
      • 4.1.2.1 Wiring Panel
      • 4.1.2.2 Power Supply
      • 4.1.2.3 Backup Battery
    • 4.1.3 Sensors
      • 4.1.3.1 Analog Sensors
      • 4.1.3.2 Bridge Sensors
        • 4.1.3.2.1 Voltage Excitation
      • 4.1.3.3 Pulse Sensors
        • 4.1.3.3.1 Pulses Measured
        • 4.1.3.3.2 Pulse-Input Channels
        • 4.1.3.3.3 Pulse Sensor Wiring
      • 4.1.3.4 RS-232 Sensors
    • 4.1.4 Digital I/O Ports
    • 4.1.5 SDM Channels
    • 4.1.6 Input Expansion Modules
  • 4.2 Hands-On: Measuring a Thermocouple
    • 4.2.1 What You Will Need
    • 4.2.2 Hardware Setup
      • 4.2.2.1 External Power Supply
    • 4.2.3 PC200W Software Setup
    • 4.2.4 Write Program with Short Cut
      • 4.2.4.1 Procedure: (Short Cut Steps 1 to 6)
      • 4.2.4.2 Procedure: (Short Cut Steps 7 to 9)
      • 4.2.4.3 Procedure: (Short Cut Steps 10 to 11)
      • 4.2.4.4 Procedure: (Short Cut Steps 12 to 16)
      • 4.2.4.5 Procedure: (Short Cut Step 17 to 18)
    • 4.2.5 Send Program and Collect Data
      • 4.2.5.1 Procedure: (PC200W Step 1)
      • 4.2.5.2 Procedure: (PC200W Steps 2 to 4)
      • 4.2.5.3 Procedure: (PC200W Step 5)
      • 4.2.5.4 Procedure: (PC200W Step 6)
      • 4.2.5.5 Procedure: (PC200W Steps 7 to 9)
      • 4.2.5.6 Procedure: (PC200W Steps 10 to 11)
      • 4.2.5.7 Procedure: (PC200W Steps 12 to 13)
• Section 5. System Overview
  • 5.1 CR1000 Datalogger
    • 5.1.1 Clock
    • 5.1.2 Sensor Support
    • 5.1.3 CR1000 Wiring Panel
      • 5.1.3.1 Measurement Inputs
      • 5.1.3.2 Voltage Outputs
      • 5.1.3.3 Grounding Terminals
      • 5.1.3.4 Power Terminals
        • 5.1.3.4.1 Power In
        • 5.1.3.4.2 Power Out
      • 5.1.3.5 Communications Ports
    • 5.1.4 CR1000KD Keyboard Display
    • 5.1.5 Power Requirements
    • 5.1.6 Programming
      • 5.1.6.1 Operating System and Settings
      • 5.1.6.2 User Programming
    • 5.1.7 Memory and Final Data Storage
    • 5.1.8 Data Retrieval
      • 5.1.8.1 Via Telecommunications
      • 5.1.8.2 Via Mass-Storage Device
      • 5.1.8.3 Via CF Card
      • 5.1.8.4 Data File-Formats in CR1000 Memory
      • 5.1.8.5 Data Format on Computer
    • 5.1.9 Communications
      • 5.1.9.1 PakBus
      • 5.1.9.2 Modbus
      • 5.1.9.3 DNP3 Communication
      • 5.1.9.4 Keyboard Display
        • 5.1.9.4.1 Custom Menus
    • 5.1.10 Security
      • 5.1.10.1 Vulnerabilities
      • 5.1.10.2 Pass-code Lockout
        • 5.1.10.2.1 Security By-Pass
      • 5.1.10.3 Passwords
        • 5.1.10.3.1 .csipasswd
        • 5.1.10.3.2 PakBus Instructions
        • 5.1.10.3.3 IS Instructions
        • 5.1.10.3.4 Settings
      • 5.1.10.4 File Encryption
      • 5.1.10.5 Communications Encryption
      • 5.1.10.6 Hiding Files
      • 5.1.10.7 Signatures
    • 5.1.11 Maintenance
      • 5.1.11.1 Protection from Water
      • 5.1.11.2 Protection from Voltage Transients
      • 5.1.11.3 Calibration
      • 5.1.11.4 Internal Battery
  • 5.2 Datalogger Support Software
• Section 6. CR1000 Specifications
• Section 7. Installation
  • 7.1 Moisture Protection
  • 7.2 Temperature Range
  • 7.3 Enclosures
  • 7.4 Power Sources
    • 7.4.1 CR1000 Power Requirement
    • 7.4.2 Calculating Power Consumption
    • 7.4.3 Power Supplies
      • 7.4.3.1 External Batteries
    • 7.4.4 Vehicle Power Connections
    • 7.4.5 Powering Sensors and Devices
      • 7.4.5.1 Switched Voltage Excitation
      • 7.4.5.2 Continuous Regulated (5 Volt)
      • 7.4.5.3 Continuous Unregulated (Nominal 12 Volt)
      • 7.4.5.4 Switched Unregulated (Nominal 12 Volt)
  • 7.5 Grounding
    • 7.5.1 ESD Protection
      • 7.5.1.1 Lightning Protection
    • 7.5.2 Single-Ended Measurement Reference
    • 7.5.3 Ground Potential Differences
      • 7.5.3.1 Soil Temperature Thermocouple
      • 7.5.3.2 External Signal Conditioner
    • 7.5.4 Ground Looping in Ionic Measurements
  • 7.6 CR1000 Configuration
    • 7.6.1 Device Configuration Utility
    • 7.6.2 Sending the Operating System
      • 7.6.2.1 Sending OS with DevConfig
      • 7.6.2.2 Sending OS with Program Send
      • 7.6.2.3 Sending OS with External Memory
    • 7.6.3 Settings
      • 7.6.3.1 Settings via DevConfig
        • 7.6.3.1.1 Deployment Tab
        • 7.6.3.1.2 Logger Control Tab
      • 7.6.3.2 Settings via CRBasic
      • 7.6.3.3 Durable Settings
        • 7.6.3.3.1 "Include" File
        • 7.6.3.3.2 Default.cr1 File
      • 7.6.3.4 Program Run Priorities
      • 7.6.3.5 Network Planner
        • 7.6.3.5.1 Overview
        • 7.6.3.5.2 Basics
  • 7.7 Programming
    • 7.7.1 Writing and Editing Programs
      • 7.7.1.1 Short Cut Editor and Program Generator
      • 7.7.1.2 CRBasic Editor
        • 7.7.1.2.1 Inserting Comments into Program
    • 7.7.2 Sending Programs
      • 7.7.2.1 Preserving Data at Program Send
    • 7.7.3 Syntax
      • 7.7.3.1 Numerical Formats
      • 7.7.3.2 Structure
      • 7.7.3.3 Command Line
        • 7.7.3.3.1 Multiple Statements on One Line
        • 7.7.3.3.2 One Statement on Multiple Lines
      • 7.7.3.4 Single-Line Declarations
        • 7.7.3.4.1 Variables
        • 7.7.3.4.2 Constants
        • 7.7.3.4.3 Alias and Unit Declarations
      • 7.7.3.5 Declared Sequences
        • 7.7.3.5.1 Data Tables
        • 7.7.3.5.2 Subroutines
        • 7.7.3.5.3 Incidental Sequences
      • 7.7.3.6 Execution and Task Priority
        • 7.7.3.6.1 Pipeline Mode
        • 7.7.3.6.2 Sequential Mode
      • 7.7.3.7 Execution Timing
        • 7.7.3.7.1 Scan() / NextScan
        • 7.7.3.7.2 SlowSequence / EndSequence
        • 7.7.3.7.3 SubScan() / NextSubScan
        • 7.7.3.7.4 Scan Priorities in Sequential Mode
      • 7.7.3.8 Instructions
        • 7.7.3.8.1 Measurement and Data-Storage Processing
        • 7.7.3.8.2 Argument Types
        • 7.7.3.8.3 Names in Arguments
        • 7.7.3.8.4 Expressions in Arguments
        • 7.7.3.8.5 Arrays of Multipliers and Offsets
      • 7.7.3.9 Expressions
        • 7.7.3.9.1 Floating-Point Arithmetic
        • 7.7.3.9.2 Mathematical Operations
        • 7.7.3.9.3 Expressions with Numeric Data Types
        • 7.7.3.9.4 Logical Expressions
        • 7.7.3.9.5 String Expressions
      • 7.7.3.10 Program Access to Data Tables
      • 7.7.3.11 System Signatures
    • 7.7.4 Tips
      • 7.7.4.1 Use of Variable Arrays to Conserve Code Space
      • 7.7.4.2 Use of Move() to Conserve Code Space
  • 7.8 Programming Resource Library
    • 7.8.1 Calibration Using FieldCal() and FieldCalStrain()
      • 7.8.1.1 CAL Files
      • 7.8.1.2 CRBasic Programming
      • 7.8.1.3 Calibration Wizard Overview
      • 7.8.1.4 Manual Calibration Overview
        • 7.8.1.4.1 Single-Point Calibrations (zero, offset, or zero basis)
        • 7.8.1.4.2 Two-point Calibrations (multiplier / gain)
      • 7.8.1.5 FieldCal() Demonstration Programs
        • 7.8.1.5.1 Zero or Tare (Option 0)
        • 7.8.1.5.2 Offset (Option 1)
        • 7.8.1.5.3 Zero Basis (Option 4)
        • 7.8.1.5.4 Two-Point Slope and Offset (Option 2)
        • 7.8.1.5.5 Two-Point Slope Only (Option 3)
      • 7.8.1.6 FieldCalStrain() Demonstration Program
        • 7.8.1.6.1 Quarter-Bridge Shunt (Option 13)
        • 7.8.1.6.2 Quarter-Bridge Zero (Option 10)
    • 7.8.2 Information Services
      • 7.8.2.1 PakBus Over TCP/IP and Callback
      • 7.8.2.2 Default HTTP Web Server
      • 7.8.2.3 Custom HTTP Web Server
      • 7.8.2.4 FTP Server
      • 7.8.2.5 FTP Client
      • 7.8.2.6 Telnet
      • 7.8.2.7 SNMP
      • 7.8.2.8 Ping
      • 7.8.2.9 Micro-Serial Server
      • 7.8.2.10 Modbus TCP/IP
      • 7.8.2.11 DHCP
      • 7.8.2.12 DNS
      • 7.8.2.13 SMTP
    • 7.8.3 SDI-12 Sensor Support
      • 7.8.3.1 SDI-12 Transparent Mode
        • 7.8.3.1.1 SDI-12 Transparent Mode Commands
      • 7.8.3.2 SDI-12 Programmed Modes
        • 7.8.3.2.1 SDI-12 Recorder Mode
        • 7.8.3.2.2 SDI-12 Sensor Mode
      • 7.8.3.3 SDI-12 Power Considerations
    • 7.8.4 Subroutines
    • 7.8.5 Wind Vector
      • 7.8.5.1 OutputOpt Parameters
      • 7.8.5.2 Wind Vector Processing
        • 7.8.5.2.1 Measured Raw Data
        • 7.8.5.2.2 Calculations
    • 7.8.6 Custom Menus
    • 7.8.7 Conditional Compilation
    • 7.8.8 Serial I/O
      • 7.8.8.1 Introduction
      • 7.8.8.2 I/O Ports
      • 7.8.8.3 Protocols
      • 7.8.8.4 Glossary of Terms
      • 7.8.8.5 CRBasic Programming
        • 7.8.8.5.1 Input Instruction Set Basics
        • 7.8.8.5.2 Input Programming Basics
        • 7.8.8.5.3 Output Programming Basics
        • 7.8.8.5.4 Translating Bytes
        • 7.8.8.5.5 Memory Considerations
        • 7.8.8.5.6 Demonstration Program
        • 7.8.8.6 Testing Applications
          • 7.8.8.6.1 Configure HyperTerminal
          • 7.8.8.6.2 Create Send Text File
          • 7.8.8.6.3 Create Text-Capture File
          • 7.8.8.6.4 Serial Input Test Program
        • 7.8.8.7 Q & A
    • 7.8.9 TrigVar and DisableVar — Controlling Data Output and Processing
    • 7.8.10 NSEC Data Type
      • 7.8.10.1 NSEC Options
    • 7.8.11 Bool8 Data Type
    • 7.8.12 Faster Measurement Rates
      • 7.8.12.1 Measurements from 1 Hz to 100 Hz
      • 7.8.12.2 Measurement Rate: 101 to 600 Hz
        • 7.8.12.2.1 SubScan() / NextSubScan Details
      • 7.8.12.3 Measurement Rate: 601 to 2000 Hz
    • 7.8.13 String Operations
      • 7.8.13.1 String Operators
      • 7.8.13.2 String Concatenation
      • 7.8.13.3 String NULL Character
      • 7.8.13.4 Inserting String Characters
      • 7.8.13.5 Extracting String Characters
      • 7.8.13.6 String Use of ASCII / ANSII Codes
      • 7.8.13.7 Formatting Strings
      • 7.8.13.8 Formatting String Hexadecimal Variables
    • 7.8.14 Data Tables
    • 7.8.15 PulseCountReset Instruction
    • 7.8.16 Program Signatures
      • 7.8.16.1 Text Signature
      • 7.8.16.2 Binary Runtime Signature
      • 7.8.16.3 Executable Code Signatures
    • 7.8.17 Advanced Programming Examples
      • 7.8.17.1 Miscellaneous Features
      • 7.8.17.2 Running Average and Total of Rain
      • 7.8.17.3 Use of Multiple Scans
      • 7.8.17.4 Groundwater Pump Test
      • 7.8.17.5 Scaling Array
      • 7.8.17.6 Conditional Output
      • 7.8.17.7 Capturing Events
    • 7.8.18 PRT Measurement
      • 7.8.18.1 PRT Calculation Standards
      • 7.8.18.2 Measuring PT100s (100-Ohm PRTs)
        • 7.8.18.2.1 Self-Heating and Resolution
        • 7.8.18.2.2 PT100 in Four-Wire Half-Bridge
        • 7.8.18.2.3 PT100 in Three-Wire Half-Bridge
        • 7.8.18.2.4 PT100 in Four-Wire Full-Bridge
    • 7.8.19 Running Average
    • 7.8.20 Writing High-Frequency Data to CF
      • 7.8.20.1 TableFile() with Option 64
      • 7.8.20.2 TableFile() with Option 64 Replaces CardOut()
      • 7.8.20.3 TableFile() with Option 64 Programming
      • 7.8.20.4 Converting TOB3 Files with CardConvert
      • 7.8.20.5 TableFile() with Option 64 Q & A
• Section 8. Operation
  • 8.1 Measurements
    • 8.1.1 Time
      • 8.1.1.1 Time Stamps
    • 8.1.2 Voltage
      • 8.1.2.1 Input Limits
      • 8.1.2.2 Reducing Error
      • 8.1.2.3 Measurement Sequence
      • 8.1.2.4 Measurement Accuracy
      • 8.1.2.5 Voltage Range
        • 8.1.2.5.1 AutoRange
        • 8.1.2.5.2 Fixed Voltage Ranges
        • 8.1.2.5.3 Common Mode Null / Open Input Detect
      • 8.1.2.6 Offset Voltage Compensation
        • 8.1.2.6.1 Input and Excitation Reversal
        • 8.1.2.6.2 Ground Reference Offset Voltage
        • 8.1.2.6.3 Background Calibration
      • 8.1.2.7 Integration
        • 8.1.2.7.1 ac Power Line Noise Rejection
      • 8.1.2.8 Signal Settling Time
        • 8.1.2.8.1 Minimizing Settling Errors
        • 8.1.2.8.2 Measuring the Necessary Settling Time
          • 8.1.2.9 Self-Calibration
          • 8.1.2.10 Time Skew Between Measurements
    • 8.1.3 Resistance Measurements
      • 8.1.3.1 ac Excitation
      • 8.1.3.2 Accuracy of Ratiometric-Resistance Measurements
      • 8.1.3.3 Strain Calculations
    • 8.1.4 Thermocouple
      • 8.1.4.1 Error Analysis
        • 8.1.4.1.1 Panel-Temperature Error
        • 8.1.4.1.2 Thermocouple Limits of Error
        • 8.1.4.1.3 Thermocouple Voltage Measurement Error
        • 8.1.4.1.4 Ground Looping Error
        • 8.1.4.1.5 Noise Error
        • 8.1.4.1.6 Thermocouple Polynomial Error
        • 8.1.4.1.7 Reference-Junction Error
        • 8.1.4.1.8 Thermocouple Error Summary
      • 8.1.4.2 Use of External Reference Junction
    • 8.1.5 Pulse
      • 8.1.5.1 Pulse-Input Channels (P1 - P2)
        • 8.1.5.1.1 High-frequency Pulse (P1 - P2)
        • 8.1.5.1.2 Low-Level ac (P1 - P2)
        • 8.1.5.1.3 Switch Closure (P1 - P2)
      • 8.1.5.2 Pulse Input on Digital I/O Channels C1 - C8
        • 8.1.5.2.1 High Frequency Mode
        • 8.1.5.2.2 Low-Frequency Mode
      • 8.1.5.3 Pulse Measurement Tips
        • 8.1.5.3.1 Frequency Resolution
          • 8.1.5.4 Pulse Measurement Problems
            • 8.1.5.4.1 Pay Attention to Specifications
            • 8.1.5.4.2 Input Filters and Signal Attenuation
            • 8.1.5.4.3 Switch Bounce and NAN
    • 8.1.6 Period Averaging
    • 8.1.7 SDI-12 Recording
    • 8.1.8 RS-232 and TTL
    • 8.1.9 Field Calibration
    • 8.1.10 Cabling Effects
      • 8.1.10.1 Analog Sensor Cables
      • 8.1.10.2 Pulse Sensors
      • 8.1.10.3 RS-232 Sensors
      • 8.1.10.4 SDI-12 Sensors
    • 8.1.11 Synchronizing Measurements
  • 8.2 Measurement and Control Peripherals
    • 8.2.1 Analog-Input Expansion Modules
    • 8.2.2 Pulse-Input Expansion Modules
    • 8.2.3 Serial-Input Expansion Modules
    • 8.2.4 Control Outputs
      • 8.2.4.1 Digital I/O Ports
      • 8.2.4.2 Relays and Relay Drivers
      • 8.2.4.3 Component-Built Relays
    • 8.2.5 Analog Control / Output Devices
    • 8.2.6 TIMs
    • 8.2.7 Vibrating Wire
    • 8.2.8 Low-level ac
  • 8.3 Memory and Final Data Storage
    • 8.3.1 Storage Media
      • 8.3.1.1 Data Storage
        • 8.3.1.1.1 Data Table SRAM
        • 8.3.1.1.2 CPU: Drive
        • 8.3.1.1.3 USR: Drive
        • 8.3.1.1.4 USB: Drive
        • 8.3.1.1.5 CRD: Drive
        • 8.3.1.1.6 Data File Formats
    • 8.3.2 Memory Conservation
    • 8.3.3 Memory Reset
      • 8.3.3.1 Full Memory Reset
      • 8.3.3.2 Program Send Reset
      • 8.3.3.3 Manual Data-Table Reset
      • 8.3.3.4 Formatting Drives
    • 8.3.4 File Management
      • 8.3.4.1 File Attributes
      • 8.3.4.2 Data Preservation
      • 8.3.4.3 External Memory Power-up
        • 8.3.4.3.1 Creating and Editing Powerup.ini
      • 8.3.4.4 File Management Q & A
    • 8.3.5 File Names
    • 8.3.6 File System Errors
    • 8.3.7 Memory Q & A
  • 8.4 Telecommunications and Data Retrieval
    • 8.4.1 Hardware and Carrier Signal
    • 8.4.2 Protocols
    • 8.4.3 Initiating Telecommunications (Callback)
  • 8.5 PakBus Overview
    • 8.5.1 PakBus Addresses
    • 8.5.2 Nodes: Leaf Nodes and Routers
      • 8.5.2.1 Router and Leaf-Node Configuration
    • 8.5.3 Linking PakBus Nodes: Neighbor Discovery
      • 8.5.3.1 Hello-message (two-way exchange)
      • 8.5.3.2 Beacon (one-way broadcast)
      • 8.5.3.3 Hello-request (one-way broadcast)
      • 8.5.3.4 Neighbor Lists
      • 8.5.3.5 Adjusting Links
      • 8.5.3.6 Maintaining Links